Category Guidance

Dear Reader,

2017 was a milestone year for the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). On October 12, 2017, at 4:10pm, the IC3 received its 4 millionth consumer internet crime complaint.

As the lead federal agency for investigating cyber-attacks by criminals, overseas adversaries, and terrorists, the FBI’s IC3 provides the public with a trustworthy and convenient reporting mechanism to submit information concerning suspected Internet facilitated criminal activity. The IC3 also strengthens the FBI’s partnerships with our law enforcement and private industry partners. As cyber criminals become more sophisticated in their efforts to target victims, we must continue to transform and develop in order to address the persistent and evolving cyber threats we face.

The 2017 Internet Crime Report emphasizes the IC3’s efforts in monitoring trending scams such as Business Email Compromise (BEC), Ransomware, Tech Support Fraud, and Extortion.
The report also highlights the Elder Justice Initiative promoting justice for the nation’s seniors. In 2017, IC3 received a total of 301,580 complaints with reported losses exceeding $1.4 Billion.

This past year, the most prevalent crime types reported by victims were Non-Payment/NonDelivery, Personal Data Breach, and Phishing. The top three crime types with the highest
reported loss were BEC, Confidence/Romance fraud, and Non-Payment/Non-Delivery.

This year’s report features success stories from two different successful cases initiated from
IC3 complaints. Additionally, the Operation Wellspring (OWS) Initiative continues to build the cyber investigative capability by utilizing Cyber Task Force officers, thus strengthening state
and local law enforcement collaboration.

We hope this report provides additional information of value as we work together to protect our nation against cyber threats.

Scott S. Smith
Assistant Director
Cyber Division
Federal Bureau of Investigation

Read the full report here: https://www.ic3.gov/Media/PDF/AnnualReport/2017_IC3Report.pdf

Article (PSA‑0008) – Introduction to Proxy Servers

Every device that talks to the Internet must have an address that other computers can use to reply. That address is your **public IP address** – the number your ISP (Internet Service Provider) assigns to the modem/router that connects you to the outside world.

Where Does the Public IP Come From?

• The ISP (e.g., AT&T, Suddenlink, Frontier, local fiber providers) hands out a dynamic or static IP address when you sign up for service.
• Most residential connections use **dynamic IPs** that can change when the modem restarts; business lines often use **static IPs** for easier remote access.
• Your public IP reveals roughly *where* the request originated (city‑level location) and is linked to the account you purchased from the ISP.

What Is a Proxy Server?

The word *proxy* means “substitute.” In networking, a **proxy server** acts as an intermediary between your computer (the client) and the destination server on the Internet. The client sends its request to the proxy; the proxy forwards the request, receives the response, and then passes that response back to the client.

Common Types (brief overview)

• Forward proxy – Used by end‑users (you) to reach any public website. This is what most “web proxy” services provide.
• Reverse proxy – Placed in front of a web‑server farm to distribute traffic, perform caching, or add security (e.g., Cloudflare, Nginx).
• Transparent proxy – Intercepts traffic without requiring manual configuration; often used in corporate or school networks.
• SOCKS5 proxy – Works at a lower network layer, forwarding any TCP/UDP traffic (useful for torrenting, SSH, or non‑HTTP apps).

How a Forward Proxy Works – Simple Flow

1. Your browser (or another app) is configured to use a proxy (IP + port).
2. You request https://psa-2.com in the address bar.
3. The request is sent to the proxy server instead of directly to the Internet.
4. The proxy opens a connection to psa-2.com and forwards your request.
5. The web server sends the page back to the proxy.
6. The proxy relays the page to your browser. To the web server, the request appears to come from the proxy’s IP, not yours.

Benefits of Using a Proxy

• IP masking – The destination sees the proxy’s address, helping protect your personal IP.
• Content filtering – Organizations can block known malicious sites or categories (e.g., gambling, social media).
• Cache & bandwidth saving – Frequently accessed resources can be stored locally, reducing external traffic.
• Access control – Requiring authentication before allowing outbound web traffic.
• Basic anonymity – Combined with header or user‑agent changes, a proxy can make it harder for trackers to uniquely fingerprint a browser.

Potential Risks (Fair Warning)

• Untrusted or free proxies may log every URL you visit, inject ads, or even serve malware.
• Man‑in‑the‑middle (MitM) threats – If a proxy does not use HTTPS tunneling (the CONNECT method), it can alter the content you receive.
• Loss of TLS protection – When a proxy terminates HTTPS, the connection between you and the proxy is encrypted, but the proxy‑to‑site link may be unencrypted unless the proxy forwards a proper TLS tunnel.
• Performance impact – Extra hop can add latency, especially with overloaded or distant proxy servers.
• Legal & policy concerns – Some services block known proxy IP ranges; using a proxy to evade geo‑restrictions can violate terms of service.

Best‑Practice Checklist for Safe Proxy Use

1. Choose a reputable provider. Look for a clear privacy policy, no‑log claims, and TLS/HTTPS support.
2. Prefer HTTPS‑aware proxies. Modern web proxies support the CONNECT method, preserving end‑to‑end encryption.
3. Enable “SSL/TLS verification.” The proxy should validate the remote certificate to prevent spoofed sites.
4. Combine with a VPN for stronger privacy. A VPN encrypts all traffic before it reaches the proxy, so the proxy cannot see the original source IP.
5. Use authentication. Corporate proxies often require a username/password or single‑sign‑on (SSO) – this limits abuse.
6. Regularly review proxy logs (if you administer one). Look for unusual destinations or volume spikes that could indicate abuse.
7. Know when a proxy is unnecessary. For simple web browsing, a well‑configured VPN often provides better privacy with less risk.

Conclusion

Proxy servers can be useful tools for privacy, content control, and bandwidth optimization, but they must be chosen and configured carefully. An untrusted, free proxy can become a privacy nightmare, while a well‑run corporate proxy (or a reliable commercial service) adds a valuable layer of protection. For most home users who simply want encrypted, private browsing, a reputable VPN is often the safer and easier choice.

Disclaimer

This article is for **informational purposes only**. PSA Computer Services does **not** offer proxy services, nor do we sell, install, or manage proxy solutions. For guidance on selecting a trustworthy proxy provider or configuring a proxy, please consult a qualified network or security specialist.

Article (PSA‑0007) – What Are Managed Services? (Updated 2025)

A **Managed Services Provider (MSP)** is a trusted IT partner that assumes ongoing responsibility for monitoring, maintaining, and supporting a defined set of technology assets on behalf of a business. The MSP handles routine tasks (patching, backups, alerts) and escalates or resolves issues so you can focus on core business activities.

Key Characteristics (2025)

• Proactive monitoring – Cloud‑based Remote Monitoring & Management (RMM) platforms to spot problems before they cause downtime.
• Security‑first mindset – Managed firewalls, endpoint detection & response (EDR), phishing simulations.
• Scalable service tiers – From basic monitoring to fully‑managed environments that include help‑desk, device provisioning, disaster‑recovery testing, and strategic IT planning.

Typical Managed Services Offering

• Monitoring & Alerting – 24/7 device health checks, performance dashboards, and automated ticket creation.
• Patch & Update Management – OS, firmware, and third‑party application updates with rollback capability.
• Backup & Disaster Recovery – Automated 3‑2‑1 backups, nightly snapshots, and regular restore testing.
• Security Services – Firewall management, EDR, vulnerability scanning, MFA rollout, and security awareness training.
• Help‑Desk & End‑User Support – Remote troubleshooting, on‑site visits when needed, ticket tracking, and SLA‑driven response times.

Why Small Businesses Need Managed Services

Even a modest office relies on a complex mix of devices, software, and internet services. When those pieces break, productivity—and revenue—suffer.

• Predictable costs – A monthly subscription replaces surprise emergency‑repair bills.
• Reduced downtime – Proactive monitoring and rapid incident response keep email, CRM, accounting, and point‑of‑sale systems online.
• Security compliance – MSPs keep patches up‑to‑date.
• Focus on core business – You don’t need an in‑house “IT jack‑of‑all‑trades”; the MSP handles the day‑to‑day tech grind.
• Scalable expertise – As you add users, or devices, the MSP grows with you without a hiring surge.

Pricing Models (2025 Landscape)

• Per‑device / per‑user subscription – Most common; you pay a flat fee for each workstation, server, or user license.
• Tiered service packages – Basic, Standard, Premium* tiers determine response time, on‑site coverage, and breadth of services.
• Value‑based pricing – Some MSPs tie fees to measurable outcomes (e.g., downtime reduced < 5 % or compliance level achieved).
• Project‑based add‑ons – Network redesign, or security assessments billed separately.

What to Look For When Choosing an MSP

1. Service Level Agreement (SLA) – Clearly defined response and resolution times (e.g., 1‑hour critical response).
2. Certifications & expertise – Microsoft Certified Partner, CompTIA Security+, Cisco CCNA, or vendor‑specific cloud certifications.
3. Transparent RMM & ticketing – Access to a portal where you can view real‑time alerts, open tickets, and historical reports.
4. Backup & DR testing – Verify that backups are encrypted, stored off‑site, and that restore tests are performed quarterly.
5. On‑site support options – Even with remote tools, occasional hands‑on work may be needed; ensure reasonable travel‑fee structures.

Ready to Get Started?

Whether you need basic monitoring or a fully managed IT environment, PSA Computer Services can tailor a solution that fits your budget and growth plans.

Call us today at (707) 506‑6802 to discuss your needs, receive a customized quote, and schedule a free initial IT health assessment.

Article (PSA‑0006)

A firewall is a security barrier that separates a **trusted** network (your home or business LAN) from an **untrusted** network (the Internet). The term comes from fire‑prevention: just as a special type of wall can slow/stop a fire from spreading, a firewall can stop unwanted traffic from reaching your local devices.

Types of firewalls

• Software firewall – Runs on an operating system (Windows Defender Firewall, macOS Application Firewall, Linux iptables/nftables, third‑party tools).
• Hardware firewall – A dedicated appliance or a router with built‑in firewall capabilities.
• Cloud‑based firewall (FWaaS) – Managed firewalls delivered as a service (e.g., Azure Firewall, AWS Network Firewall, Cloudflare Zero Trust Gateway).
• Next‑Generation Firewall (NGFW) – Combines traditional packet filtering with deep‑packet inspection, intrusion‑prevention, application control, and often integrated sandboxing.

How Does a Firewall Work?

Firewalls enforce a set of security rules that decide whether to allow or block traffic. They inspect traffic at different layers of the OSI model, using one or more of the following methods.

Core filtering methods

1. Packet‑filtering (Layer 3/4) – Examines source/destination IP addresses, ports, and protocol type. Simple, fast, but limited to “allow/deny” rules.
2. Stateful inspection (Layer 4) – Tracks each connection’s state (SYN, SYN‑ACK, ESTABLISHED, FIN). Only packets that belong to a legitimate, established session are permitted, which reduces spoofing.
3. Proxy / Application‑level gateway (Layer 7) – Acts as an intermediary for specific protocols (HTTP, SMTP, FTP). It can inspect the actual payload, enforce URL filtering, and hide internal IP addresses.
4. Deep‑packet inspection (DPI) & sandboxing (NGFW) – Analyzes the full content of packets, detects malware, blocks suspicious scripts, and enforces application‑specific policies (e.g., “block Facebook app traffic”).

Do You Need a Firewall?

Absolutely. If a device can reach the Internet, it should be protected by an up‑to‑date firewall.

• Windows 10/11, macOS, and most Linux distributions include a built‑in host‑based firewall that is enabled by default.
• Home routers / ISP‑provided gateways usually have a basic hardware firewall (NAT + simple packet filter). You can tighten those rules via the router’s web UI.
• Small‑business networks benefit from a dedicated firewall appliance or a cloud‑based firewall that offers:
  • Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
  • Application‑aware filtering
  • VPN termination (site‑to‑site and client‑to‑site)
  • Centralized logging & reporting

Quick self‑check

1. Is the host‑based firewall turned on? (Windows → “Windows Defender Firewall”; macOS → “Firewall” in Security & Privacy.)
2. Does your router have the default “block inbound unsolicited traffic” rule enabled?
3. Are any ports deliberately opened to the Internet (e.g., remote‑desktop, web server)? If so, confirm they are necessary and secured (use VPN, strong passwords, MFA).
4. Do you have a separate hardware or cloud firewall for your business network? If not, consider adding one as you scale.

Best‑Practice Checklist for Firewall Management (2025)

• Keep firmware and definitions up to date. Automatic updates are essential to protect against newly discovered exploits.
• Apply the principle of least privilege. Only allow traffic that is explicitly required; block everything else by default.
• Use separate zones. Separate Wi‑Fi guests, IoT devices, and corporate workstations into different VLANs/sub‑nets with inter‑zone firewall rules.
• Enable logging and alerts. Forward logs to a SIEM or a cloud log service to spot abnormal patterns early.
• Deploy a VPN or Zero‑Trust Network Access (ZTNA) solution. Remote users should never connect directly to the LAN; tunnel through a secure gateway.
• Regularly review rules. Conduct a quarterly rule‑audit; remove stale or overly permissive entries.
• Test your configuration. Use tools such as Nmap or external port‑scan services to verify that only intended ports are open.
• Consider a Next‑Generation Firewall. For businesses, NGFWs provide integrated IPS, URL filtering, and application control, reducing the need for multiple separate security products.

Emerging Trends (2025 Addendum)

• AI‑assisted threat detection – Modern NGFWs use machine learning to spot anomalous traffic patterns and automatically quarantine suspicious sessions.
• Zero‑Trust Network Access (ZTNA) – Replaces traditional perimeter firewalls with identity‑centric policies; each request is verified before access is granted.
• Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) – Converges firewall, secure web gateway, and cloud‑based security into a single, globally distributed service.
• Immutable, cloud‑native firewalls – Provide auto‑scaling, instant provisioning for hybrid‑cloud environments (Azure Firewall Premium, Google Cloud Armor).

Need a Firewall Review or Upgrade?

If you’re unsure whether your current firewall is configured correctly, or simply need a quick health‑check, give PSA Computer Services a call at (707) 506‑6802. We’ll assess your environment, and ensure you have a modern, reliable protective barrier.

Article (PSA‑0005)

What “High Availability” (HA) Really Means

High Availability is a design goal that ensures a system delivers an agreed level of uptime –‑ usually 99.9 % (≈ 8 h downtime/yr) or higher –‑ even when components fail. Modern businesses (hospitals, data‑centers, SaaS providers, remote offices) depend on HA to keep critical applications running 24/7.

Key HA concepts (2025)

• Redundancy – Duplicate hardware or virtual instances (servers, storage, network paths) so a single failure never stops service.
• Failover & Automatic Switchover – Monitoring detects a failure and instantly routes traffic to a standby component (e.g., active‑passive cluster, hot‑standby VM).
• Load Balancing – Distributes traffic across multiple nodes, improving performance and providing another layer of fault tolerance.
• Geographic Distribution – Deploying services across multiple data‑center locations or cloud regions reduces the impact of site‑wide outages.
• Replication & Data Synchronisation – Keeps data copies in near‑real‑time (block‑level or file‑level) on separate nodes.
• RPO & RTO – Recovery Point Objective (how much data loss is tolerable) and Recovery Time Objective (how quickly service must be restored). HA architectures are built to meet the RPO/RTO goals you define.

Where Backups Fit In

Backups are the foundation of any HA strategy, but they’re just one piece of the puzzle. A solid backup plan protects you from data loss caused by hardware failure, ransomware, accidental deletion, or catastrophic events.

The classic 3‑2‑1‑0 rule (still the gold standard)

1. 3 – Three copies – Primary data + two additional backups.
2. 2 – Two media types – For example, an internal NAS (or disk) plus cloud object storage (e.g., Backblaze B2, Azure Blob, Amazon S3).
3. 1 – One off‑site location – Store at least one copy in a different physical site or a cloud region.
4. 0 – Zero‑error verification – Test restores regularly (at least quarterly) to confirm backups are usable.

2025‑enhanced backup practices

• Immutable storage – Write‑once, read‑many (WORM) or object‑storage lock features that prevent even administrators from overwriting recent backups. This thwarts ransomware that tries to encrypt backups.
• Snapshot‑based protection – Use volume snapshots (VSS on Windows, LVM snapshots on Linux, or ZFS) for near‑instant point‑in‑time copies.
• Hybrid cloud backup – Combine on‑premise fast restores with cloud durability; many solutions now offer built‑in encryption, compression, and bandwidth throttling.
• Automated backup testing – Scripts that periodically restore a random file or database row and verify checksum integrity.
• Ransomware‑aware backup policies – Separate “live” backup streams from “archival” immutable copies; rotate the live backups daily, weekly, monthly.

Putting It All Together: A Simple HA Blueprint

1. Assess critical services. Identify which applications, databases, and file shares must stay online.
2. Define RPO/RTO targets. Example: RPO = 15 minutes for ERP database; RTO = 30 minutes for web portal.
3. Build redundancy. Deploy two servers (or VMs) in an active‑active cluster behind a load balancer; add a second network path (dual ISP or VLAN).
4. Implement replication. Use real‑time mirroring (e.g., Storage‑Space‑Direct, DRBD, or cloud‑native database replication) to keep data in sync across nodes.
5. Apply the 3‑2‑1‑0 backup rule. Schedule daily incremental backups + weekly full backups, store one copy locally, one copy in a second media type, and one copy in a secure cloud region.
6. Test failover and restore. Quarterly, simulate a server loss and verify that traffic switches automatically, then run a backup‑restore drill to validate data integrity.
7. Monitor and alert. Use an RMM or SIEM to watch health metrics, backup job success, and latency; set up alerts for any breach of RPO/RTO.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Treating backups as a “set‑and‑forget” task – without regular testing, backups can be corrupted or incomplete.
• Relying on a single backup media type (e.g., only external hard drives) – hardware failures are inevitable.
• Storing all copies in the same physical location – a fire or flood can wipe everything.
• Neglecting encryption and access controls – unprotected backups are a gold mine for attackers.
• Ignoring the human factor – document procedures, train staff, and enforce least‑privilege access to backup systems.

Bottom Line

High Availability is much more than “just a backup”. It blends redundancy, real‑time replication, automated failover, and rigorous testing to keep services running. The 3‑2‑1‑0 backup rule remains the foundation, but in 2025 you should augment it with immutable storage, cloud snapshots, and regular restore verification to meet modern RPO/RTO expectations.

Need a Custom HA & Backup Strategy?

PSA Computer Services can design, implement, and test a solution that meets your uptime goals and budget.

Call us today at (707) 506‑6802 for a free assessment.

Article (PSA‑0004)

If a computer is connected to the Internet it is exposed to a constant stream of files, links, and network traffic. An up‑to‑date **antivirus/antispyware** solution provides the first line of defense by:

• Scanning files in real time as they are downloaded or executed.
• Running scheduled deep scans of the entire drive or selected folders.
• Leveraging constantly‑updated threat definitions and heuristic/AI‑based detection.

Key features you should look for (2025)

• Real‑time protection – automatically blocks malicious code before it runs.
• Scheduled full‑disk scans – weekly or bi‑weekly deep scans.
• Cloud‑based AI/behavioral analysis – catches zero‑day threats that signatures haven’t seen yet.
• Automatic definition updates – at least daily.
• Low system impact – runs efficiently on modern hardware without excessive RAM or CPU usage.

Built‑In Windows Options (Free)

• Windows 10/11 – Microsoft Defender (formerly Windows Defender). Integrated, automatically updated, and provides both antivirus and antispyware protection at no extra cost.
• Windows 7 – Microsoft Security Essentials (no longer supported after Jan 2020). If you are still on Windows 7, upgrade to a supported OS or use a third‑party solution, because Microsoft no longer provides definition updates for Windows 7.

Third‑Party Solutions (When You Need More)

For businesses or users who want additional features (e.g., ransomware‑specific protection, web‑filtering, centralized management), consider reputable vendors such as:

• Bitdefender GravityZone
• Kaspersky Endpoint Security
• SentinelOne
• Maldetect + ClamAV (for Linux/UNIX environments)

Why One Antivirus Is Enough

Running more than one real‑time AV/antispyware engine on the same machine creates problems:

1. Resource contention – Each engine consumes RAM and CPU; the system may start paging to disk, drastically slowing performance.
2. Software conflicts – Two scanners can flag each other as malicious, leading to false positives, constant alerts, or even system instability.
3. Self‑quarantine – One product may quarantine the other’s core files, corrupting the second product and making it difficult to repair.
4. Licensing overhead – Multiple subscriptions increase cost and administrative effort.

In short, **one well‑chosen, continuously updated product plus a firewall** gives you comprehensive protection without the downsides.

How to Detect an Infection

• Frequent pop‑ups, unexpected toolbars, or strange system notifications.
• New icons, programs, or services appearing without your consent.
• Home‑page changes, unwanted redirects, or DNS hijacking.
• System slowdown, frequent freezes, or crashes during routine tasks.
• Unusual outbound network traffic (check with a network monitor or firewall logs).

Step‑by‑Step Response If You Suspect Malware

1. Update definitions – Ensure both AV and antispyware engines have the latest signature database.
2. Run a full system scan – Allow the scan to complete; it may take 30 minutes to several hours depending on data size.
3. Follow the removal instructions – Quarantine or delete the identified items, then reboot if prompted.
4. Re‑scan – After the reboot, run another full scan to confirm the system is clean.
5. Check startup items & scheduled tasks – Use msconfig (Windows) or systemctl (Linux) to verify nothing suspicious is set to launch automatically.
6. Change passwords – If you suspect credential theft, reset passwords on a clean device, especially for email, banking, and admin accounts.
7. Restore from backup (if needed) – If the infection cannot be fully removed, revert to a known‑good backup.

When Professional Help Is Needed

If the malware persists after multiple scans, re‑appears after a reboot, or has caused system instability, you should consult a qualified IT service provider. PSA Computer Services offers a **“no‑fix, no‑pay” guarantee** – you only pay for successful remediation.

Best‑Practice Checklist

• Enable built‑in Windows Defender (or a reputable third‑party solution) with real‑time protection.
• Keep OS and all applications patched – enable automatic updates.
• Schedule weekly full scans and daily definition updates.
• Use a hardware or software firewall with inbound blocking and outbound monitoring.
• Practice safe browsing: avoid unknown links, verify SSL certificates, and use a reputable browser.
• Back up critical data using the 3‑2‑1‑0 rule; test restore procedures quarterly.
• Enable multi‑factor authentication on all cloud accounts.

Bottom Line

No home or business should operate without a modern, regularly updated antivirus/antispyware solution and a firewall. One well‑maintained product, coupled with common‑sense habits (patching, backups, MFA), provides strong protection without the performance penalties and conflicts of running multiple overlapping tools.

Need a Reliable Antivirus Solution or a Clean‑Up?

Call PSA Computer Services at (707) 506‑6228 for a free assessment, installation, or infection remediation. We’ll get you protected quickly and affordably.

Alert (TA17-181A)
Petya Ransomware
Original release date: July 01, 2017

Redirects to the Official website of the Department of Homeland Security
[US-CERT – United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team]

To read article visit: https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A

Dear Reader,

The FBI is the lead federal agency for investigating cyber attacks by criminals, overseas adversaries, and terrorists. With each passing day, cyber intrusions are becoming more sophisticated, dangerous, and common. We continue to transform and develop in order to address the persistent and evolving cyber threats we face.

The FBI’s Internet rime Complaint enter (IC3) provides the public with a trustworthy and convenient reporting mechanism to submit information concerning suspected Internet-facilitated criminal activity. The I3 also strengthens the FBI’s partnerships with our law enforcement and industry partners.

The 2016 Internet rime Report highlights the IC3’s efforts in monitoring trending scams such as Business Email Compromise (BEC), ransomware, tech support fraud, and extortion. In 2016, IC3 received a total of 298,728 complaints with reported losses in excess of $1.3 billion.

This past year, the top three crime types reported by victims were non-payment and nondelivery, personal data breach, and payment scams. The top three crime types by reported loss were BEC, romance and confidence fraud, and non-payment and non-delivery scams.

This year’s report features a section on the importance of law enforcement collaboration and partnerships with the private sector and Intelligence Community. For example, the FBI continues to expand Operation Wellspring (OWS), an initiative through which state and local law enforcement officers are embedded in, and trained by, FBI cyber task forces and serve as the primary case agents on Internet-facilitated criminal investigations. Overall, OWS task forces opened 37 investigations in 2016 and have worked 73 total investigations since OWS was launched in August 2013.

We hope this report will assist you as we work in partnership to protect our nation and combat cyber threats.

Scott S. Smith
Assistant Director
Cyber Division
Federal Bureau of Investigation

Read the full report here: https://www.ic3.gov/Media/PDF/AnnualReport/2016_IC3Report.pdf

Alert (TA17-132A)
Indicators Associated With WannaCry Ransomware
Original release date: May 12, 2017

Redirects to the Official website of the Department of Homeland Security
[US-CERT – United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team]

To read article visit: https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-132A

Don Herriott
Rio Dell, CA

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